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马超

三国 · 蜀汉名将

马超 (三国·蜀汉名将) was a notable historical figure from 三国 in Chinese history. This page presents a detailed biography of 马超: 马超,扶风茂陵人.

Biography

马超,扶风茂陵人。
三国志卷三六 蜀书六  关张马黄赵传:
  马超字孟起,(右)扶风茂陵人也。父腾,灵帝末与边章、韩遂等俱起事於西州。初平三年,遂、腾率众诣长安。汉朝以遂为镇西将军,遣还金城,腾为征西将军,遣屯郿。后腾袭长安,败走,退还凉州。司隶校尉锺繇镇关中,移书遂、腾,为陈祸福。腾遣超随繇讨郭援、高幹於平阳,超将庞德亲斩援首。后腾与韩遂不和,求还京畿。於是徵为卫尉,以超为偏将军,封都亭侯,领腾部曲。
  超既统众,遂与韩遂合从,及杨秋、李堪、成宜等相结,进军至潼关。曹公与遂、超单马会语,超负其多力,阴欲突前捉曹公,曹公左右将许褚瞋目盻之,超乃不敢动。曹公用贾诩谋,离间超、遂,更相猜疑,军以大败。超走保诸戎,曹公追至安定,会北方有事,引军东还。杨阜说曹公曰:“超有信、布之勇,甚得羌、胡心。若大军还,不严为其备,陇上诸郡非国家之有也。”超果率诸戎以击陇上郡县,陇上郡县皆应之,杀凉州刺史韦康,据冀城,有其众。超自称征西将军,领并州牧,督凉州军事。康故吏民杨阜、姜叙、梁宽、赵衢等,合谋击超。阜、叙起於卤城,超出攻之,不能下;宽、衢闭冀城门,超不得入。进退狼狈,乃奔汉中依张鲁。鲁不足与计事,内怀於邑,闻先主围刘璋於成都,密书请降。
  先主遣人迎超,超将兵径到城下。城中震怖,璋即稽首,以超为平西将军,督临沮,因为前都亭侯。先主为汉中王,拜超为左将军,假节。章武元年,迁骠骑将军,领凉州牧,进封斄乡侯,策曰:“朕以不德,获继至尊,奉承宗庙。曹操父子,世载其罪,朕用惨怛,疢如疾首。海内怨愤,归正反本,暨于氐、羌率服,獯鬻慕义。以君信著北土,威武并昭,是以委任授君,抗飏虓虎,兼董万里,求民之瘼。其明宣朝化,怀保远迩,肃慎赏罚,以笃汉祜,以对于天下。”二年卒,时年四十七。临没上疏曰:“臣门宗二百余口,为孟德所诛略尽,惟有从弟岱,当为微宗血食之继,深讬陛下,余无复言。”追谥超曰威侯,子承嗣。岱位至平北将军,进爵陈仓侯。超女配安平王理。

About马超Frequently Asked Questions

Who is 马超?
马超 was 三国 Period 蜀汉名将, whose life is recorded in official historical documents.
In which dynasty did 马超 live?
马超 lived during the 三国 period, with the official title of 蜀汉名将.
What are the sources for 马超's biography?
The biographical content on this page has been compiled and cross-checked against official historical records and publicly available encyclopedic sources, with links to encyclopedia entries provided for further reference.